MOSQUITOES
Mosquitoes can harbor and transmit very serious diseases especially malaria which kills significant proportion of people in Africa on a daily basis. The female mosquitoes suck blood from humans and animals in order to develop their eggs. The common house mosquito is classified as Culex pipiens. The species that transmit malaria parasites belong to the genus Anopheles.

Female mosquitoes lay their eggs in water or on surfaces that will be inundated with water: some species lay their eggs by the edges of running water, others in woodland pools, marshes, swamps, estuaries or in containers such as rain barrels and car tyres. Female mosquitoes can lay up to 300 eggs at a time. Generally, mosquitoes have a lifespan of two weeks for males and approximately a month or more for the females.

COCKROACHES
They are one of the most common urban pests in private and public facilities. Cockroaches in search for nourishment, invade human food sources and contaminate it with faeces and saliva by crawling over, thus become possible vectors for food-borne illnesses such as Salmonellosis, cholera dysenteries etc.
Cockroaches stink and have been complicated as a major cause of allergies in children. Their colour may vary but are usually brownish. Cockroaches pass through incomplete metamorphosis- egg, nymph and adult.

RATS
Rats and Mice can be a major pest problem. They damage food, books, documents and clothing. Damage to a structure occurs when rats and mice gnaw on structural components, including wiring, wood and plastics. Rodents have also been implicated in the spread of dangerous human diseases like plague, rat-bite fever, typhoid fever, cholera, leptospirosis, rickettsioses etc.

Species of rodents of public health importance includes:
Black rat, Ship rat or Climbing rat
Common rat or Brown rat or Norway rat or Burrowing rat
House mouse
Rodents have been found to inhabit or frequent places where there is shelter, food and drink, thus causing considerable damage to foodstuffs, properties etc.